Solar Water Heater

 

 

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Solar Water Heater of capacity 1000 LPD installed at a private organization.

 

Why Solar Water Heaters?
Frequently Asked Questions.
Applications.
Technical Details and Specifications.
 

Why Solar Water Heaters?

        At initial stages when we studied the potential for application of Solar water Heaters in day-to-day requirements, we found it to be a promising application. Consider any place like House, Hotels, Lodges, Hostels, Industries, and Colleges etc., most (80%) of the energy consumed by these organizations is used for heating water whether they are in the form of Electricity, Gas or Oil.

        Since major part of the energy consumed was for heating water, the need was to find out an alternative way in which water could be heated by using the free and naturally available energy from the Sun. This led to the introduction of Solar Water Heaters.

        Since the Solar Energy is inexhaustible and is continuously available, we not only gave importance in designing & manufacturing efficient and effective systems but also made sure that the systems once installed should provide years of dependable service. We worked on the principle that “ Solar Energy is an inexhaustible source of energy and hence increase in the life of the system meant increase in energy saving”. Thus we decided to provide our customers a quality product at a competitive price.

        At present we have installed a wide capacity range of Solar Water Heating systems for various applications through out the country. These systems are not only satisfactorily working but also are providing the maximum efficiency for which they are designed.

       The total number of Solar Water Heating systems that we have installed as on today contributes to the savings in Electricity in the order of MEGAWATTS. These savings go on increasing as years pass. We are looking for potential applications of this Solar Water Heaters in various organizations & Institutions to meet their hot water needs. We are committed to convert the figures of  MEGAWATTS into GIGAWATTS.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Table of Contents

  1. What is a “Solar Energy Device”?
  2. What is a solar water Heater?
  3. Why Use Solar Heating Systems?
  4. What are the basic components of a Solar Water Heater?
  5. What are Solar Collectors, and how do they work?
  6. What is Insulated Storage tank and why they need to be insulated?
  7. What are the requirements for installing a Solar Water Heater?
  8. Is solar water heater a good investment?
  9. Does this Solar Water Heater work in any climates?
  10. How does solar water heating systems work?
  11. What are the Applications of Solar Water Heating Systems ?
  12. What are the benefits of installing Solar Water Heating Systems ?
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What is a “Solar Energy Device”?

        A device that is designed to perform certain function by using the free and natural Light energy from the Sun is called a “Solar Energy Device”. The function could be Heating water from the sunlight, Heating Air from the Sunlight, producing Electricity from sunlight and also cooking food using the Sunlight.

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What is a solar water Heater (SWH)?

        A Solar Water Heater is a device that helps us in heating the water by using the      free and Natural Light energy from the Sun. The water can be heated to any desired      temperature above normal Temperature but cannot exceed the boiling point      temperature (100°C).

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Why Use Solar Heating Systems?

        Today, solar heating is becoming more important than ever before. Natural gas      and oil, which is burned to heat our homes and water is limited. As reserves of gas     and oil shrink, these fuels become more expensive. If more people began using solar     heating systems, fossil fuels such as oils and gas would become less expensive and     last longer.

        Burning natural gas and oil in our heating systems also causes air pollution.     Even electric water and space heaters cause air pollution indirectly, because coal and   natural gas is burned to produce Electricity in large power plants. So if more people     used solar energy to heat the air and water in their homes, our environment would be      cleaner.

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What are the basic components of a Solar Water Heater?

        The basic components that is required for the effective working of a Solar Water Heater are 1) Collectors, 2) Insulated Storage tanks, 3) Cold water supply tank, and 4) Pipeline interconnecting them. Depending on the system, size pumps may also be included in the system components.

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What are solar collectors, and how do they work?

        Collectors form the most important part of the SWH system because they serve      the basic purpose of heating water. Solar collectors trap the sun's rays to produce      heat. Most solar collectors are boxes, frames, or Rooms that contain these parts: (1)      clear covers that let in solar energy (2) dark surfaces inside, called absorber plates,       that soak up heat; (3) insulation materials to prevent heat from escaping; and (4) vents   Or pipes that carry the heated air or liquid from inside the collector to where it can be      used.

Cover : Many clear materials can be used as covers for solar collectors, but glass is the most common material. Glass can be made quickly and easily. The special glass used in solar collector’s resists breaking and scratching. When sunlight passes through  glass and hits a surface inside a solar collector, it changes into heat. Although glass      allows sunlight to pass through, it also traps the heat produced inside the collector.  

 Absorbers: The heat produced inside a solar collector is soaked up by metal sheets or containers filled with water. These dark-colored objects that soak up heat are called absorbers.  Without absorbers, solar heating systems would not produce enough heat to warm rooms inside your house or Water.

 Insulation : Heat always tries to move from a hotter object to a colder one. Insulation is what prevents or slows down the movement of heat. Because insulation prevents the heat inside a solar collector from moving to the outside where the temperature is lower, it is an important part of any solar collector.

Vents and Pipes :  When a solar collector is working properly, the heat that it produces moves from the collector to an  area where that heat can be used. If the collector's job is to heat water, then pipes, tubes, and pumps move water from the collector to water utility equipment or point.

             Collectors are basically of 3 types namely Flat Plate Collectors, Vacuum   Tube Collectors & Parabolic concentrating collectors. Solar Flat Plate collectors are the most widely used collectors for Water Heating systems because of there simplicity in design, easy operation and Installation & they form a very good cost effective solution for hot water needs.

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What is Insulated Storage tank and why they need to be insulated?

        All Solar water-heating systems need a storage tank to store the cold water that is to be supplied to the collector and to store the hot water that comes from the collector. Since the natural law says that any hot substance tends to radiate heat to its surroundings to get back to its lowest energy state, it is obvious that the hot water in the storage tank also radiates heat, thus to prevent this radiation and cooling of water the storage tank is Insulated with Rockwool and Aluminium cladding.

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What are the requirements for installing a Solar Water Heater?

        A shadow free area on the rooftop with enough of Sunlight. A cold-water tank at a height of 7-8ft from the terrace level.

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Is solar water heater a good investment?

        Solar water heaters, both solar domestic hot water systems & Solar Commercial     hot water systems may be a good investment for you and your family. Solar water heaters are cost competitive in many applications when you account for the total       energy costs over the life of the system. Although the initial cost of solar water        heaters are higher than that of conventional water heaters, the fuel (sunshine) is free.      plus, they are environmentally friendly. To take advantage of these heaters, you must       have an  unshaded, south-facing location (a roof, for example) on your property.            However of all the Solar energy devices in the market, Solar water heating systems are found to be the most reliable, durable and are backed up by longest  warranty period of all other solar energy devices. Solar water Heaters are known to have the fastest repayment of investment. The larger the capacity of the system the more fast is the repayment period.

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Does this Solar Water Heater work in any climates?

        Solar Water Heaters can operate in any climate. Performance varies depending, in part, on how much solar energy is available at the site, but also on how cold the water coming into the system is. The Colder the water, the more efficiently the system   operates. Only during rainy season you will need a Conventional backup system     (Electric).

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How does solar water heating systems work?

Thermo siphon Systems

        A thermo siphon system relies on warm water rising, a phenomenon known as natural convection, to circulate water through the collectors and to the tank. In this type of installation, the tank must be above the collector. As water in the collector heats, it becomes lighter and rises naturally into the tank above. Meanwhile, cooler water in the tank flows down pipes to the bottom of the collector, causing circulation throughout the system. The storage tank is attached to the top of the collector so that thermo siphoning can occur. These systems are reliable and relatively inexpensive but require careful planning in new construction because the water tanks are heavy.

Forced Circulation Systems

        This type of system is used for solar water heating systems of capacity more than 2000 LPD. It uses a Pump and Differential temperature controller to circulate and heat the water.
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What are the Applications of Solar Water Heating Systems ?

        The different applications of Solar water heating systems are 1)Residential             water heating 2) Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Hotels, Lodges etc. 3) Feed water to boiler in Industries to produce steam.4) Textile Industries 5) Milk Dairies 6) Any processing application where hot water is required.

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What are the benefits of installing Solar Water Heating Systems ?

There are many benefits to owning a solar water heater, and number one is  economics. Solar water heater economics compare quite favorably with those of electric water heaters, while the economics aren’t quite  attractive when compared with those of gas water heaters. Heating water with the sun also means long-term benefits, such as being cushioned from future fuel shortages and price increases, and environmental benefits.

Economic Benefits

  Many homebuilders choose electric water heaters because they are easy to install and relatively inexpensive to purchase. However, research shows that an average household with an electric water heater spends about 75% of its home energy costs on heating water.

        It makes economic sense to think beyond the initial purchase price and consider lifetime energy costs, or how much you will spend on energy to use the appliance over its lifetime. It is found that solar water heaters offered the largest potential savings, with solar water-heater owners saving as much as 50% to 85% annually on their utility bills over the cost of electric water heating.

        Depending on the price of fuel sources, the solar water heater can be more economical over the lifetime of the system than heating water with electricity, fuel oil, propane, or even natural gas because the fuel (sunshine) is free.

        Paybacks vary widely, but you can expect a fast payback on a well-designed and properly installed solar water heater. (Simple payback is the length of time required to recover your investment through reduced or avoided energy costs.) You can expect shorter paybacks in areas with higher energy costs. After the payback period, you accrue the savings over the life of the system, which ranges from 15 to 25 years, depending on the system and how well it is maintained.

        You can determine the simple payback of a solar water heater by first determining the net cost of the system. Net costs include the total installed cost less any tax incentives or utility rebates. (See the box for more information.) After you calculate the net cost of the system, calculate the annual fuel savings and divide the net investment by this number to determine the simple payback.

        If you are building a new home or refinancing your present home to do a major renovation, the economics are even more attractive.

Long-Term Benefits

        Solar water heaters offer long-term benefits that go beyond simple economics. In addition to having free hot water after the system has paid for itself in reduced utility bills, you and your family will be cushioned from future fuel shortages and price increases. You will also be doing your part to reduce this country's dependence on foreign oil.

Environmental Benefits

        Solar water heaters do not pollute. By investing in one, you will be avoiding carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and the other air pollution and wastes created when your utility generates power or you burn fuel to heat your household water. When a solar water heater replaces an electric water heater, the electricity displaced over 20 years represents more than 50 tons of avoided carbon dioxide emissions alone. Carbon dioxide traps heat in the upper atmosphere, thus contributing to the greenhouse effect.

Be a Smart Consumer

    Take the same care in choosing a solar water heater that you would in the purchase of any major appliance. Your best protection is to consider only certified and labeled systems.

A Bright Future

        A solar water heater is a long-term investment that will save you money and energy for many years. Like other renewable energy systems, solar water heaters minimize the environmental effects of enjoying a comfortable, modern lifestyle. In addition, they provide insurance against energy price increases, help reduce our dependence on foreign oil, and are investments in everyone’s future.
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Applications

1. Bathing, Washing and Cleaning

Houses.
Hotels and Restaurants.
Lodges.
Marriage Halls.
Hostels.
Educational Institutions.
Milk Diaries for washing crates, cans and vessels.
Washing of vehicles in automobile servicing centers.

2. To feed hot water to boilers at 90ºC to produce steam

Steam cooking in Hotels, Restaurants and large factory canteens.
In various process industries employing boilers to produce steam such as Milk diaries, textile industries, biscuit manufacturing industries, chemical and fertilizer industries, drug companies and pharmaceutical industries, and  any other industry that uses hot water for manufacturing processes.
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Technical Details and Specifications

 Technical Details
  1. We use the best collector material in the world, "SOLCHROME" Fin-N-Tube. This is made of electro-grade copper. Both Fin-N-Tube is metallurgically bonded without using a flux or a soldering material. This ensures a thermal contact. The Fin is selectively coated with Nickel and Black chrome, which can withstand a temperature of more than 300ºC. Since solar energy is thermal energy, the thermal contact established will provide a high thermal efficiency of 98%.
  2. The minimum life of the collector material is 20 Years.
  3. We use only Stainless Steel (304) to fabricate solar tank that ensures hygiene and long life.
  4. None of the inputs to the collectors contain any corrosive parts.

Technical Specifications

Collector:

Size

2035 x 1010 x 100 mm

Absorber Material

Copper 32 SWG

Absorber Area

2 Square Meters.

Collector Box

Special Aluminium Extrusions.

Glass                                     

 4 mm Toughened

Fin-N-Tube     

“SOLCHROME” fin-N-tube selectively coated with Nickel and Black chrome with temperature with standing of more than 300 deg. Centigrade.

Back Insulation

Rock wool, resin bonded, 50-mm thickness and covered by 0.05 mm thickness Aluminium foil.

Side Insulation

Rock wool, resin bonded, 25-mm thickness and covered by 0.05 mm thickness Aluminium foil.

Header

Copper 1 inch  Diameter, 22 SWG

Riser

Copper ½ inch Diameter, 24 SWG

Header & Riser Joints

By Silver Brazing 4%

Collector Bottom Sheet

Aluminium 22 SWG

Gromites

EPDM

Glass Beading

EPDM

Collector Supports

MS angles (32 x 32 x 5) mm Painted Enamel.

Collector to Collector joint

Union Coupling.

The collectors are tested both pneumatically and hydraulically for 5 Kg pressure.

Solar Tank:

Material

Stainless Steel (304)

Insulation             

Rock wool slabs 150 mm thickness and cladded with Aluminium sheet of 22 SWG.     

Stand  

M.S Sections painted enamel.

    Provision for fixing BACK UP COIL and TEMPERATURE GAUGE are provided. Tank is tested for leakage pneumatically and hydraulically for 7 Kg pressure. 

    The system is guaranteed for 3 Years from the date of installation for any manufacturing defects except for glass and electrical items.

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